The “duplicated” Function in R

• Package: Base R (No specific package, it’s a built-in function)

• Purpose: To identify duplicated elements in a vector, data frame, or other structures.

• General Class: Data Manipulation

• Required Argument(s):

• x: The input vector, data frame, or other structure to check for duplicated elements.

• Notable Optional Arguments:

• fromLast: A logical value indicating whether to consider duplicates from the last occurrence. The default is FALSE.

• Example:

• # Example usage with a vector
  my_vector <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5)
  duplicates <- duplicated(my_vector)
  
  print(duplicates)
  
  # Example usage with a data frame
  my_data_frame <- data.frame(
  Name = c("John", "Jane", "Bob", "John", "Alice"),
  Age = c(25, 30, 22, 25, 28)
  )
  
  duplicated_rows <- duplicated(my_data_frame)
  
  print(duplicated_rows)

• In this example, duplicated is a built-in function in base R, and it can be used to identify duplicated elements in vectors or rows in a data frame. The fromLast argument is optional and allows you to control whether duplicates from the last occurrence should be considered. The result is a logical vector indicating which elements or rows are duplicated.