The “lag” Function in R

• Package: dplyr

• Purpose: To shift or lag values in a vector or data frame column.

• General Class: Data Manipulation

• Required Argument(s):

• x: A vector or column of a data frame that you want to lag.

• Notable Optional Arguments:

• n: An integer specifying the number of positions to shift the values. The default is 1.

• default: The value to use for the lead of the first element or the lag of the last element. The default is NA.

• Example:

• # Example usage
  library(dplyr)
  
  my_vector <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
  
  # Lag the values by 1 position
  lagged_values <- lag(my_vector, n = 1)
  
  print(lagged_values)

• In this example, lag is a function from the dplyr package, and it is used to shift or lag values in a vector. The x argument is the required vector or column of a data frame that you want to lag. The n argument is optional and specifies the number of positions to shift the values (default is 1). The default argument is also optional and sets the value to use for the lead of the first element or the lag of the last element (default is NA). The result is a vector with lagged values.