To read data from an Excel (.xlsx) file into a data frame.

To read data from an Excel (.xlsx) file into a data frame.

To read a comma-separated values (CSV) file into a data frame.

To generate random samples from a Cauchy distribution.

To add a line to a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot, typically used to compare the distribution of a dataset against a theoretical distribution (e.g. normal distribution).

To create a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot for visualizing the distribution of a dataset against a theoretical distribution (e.g., normal distribution).

To create a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot for visualizing the distribution of a dataset against a theoretical normal distribution.

To read lines from a connection or file.

To read a line from the terminal (standard input).

To write a data frame to a CSV file.

To concatenate multiple strings into a single string.

To sort a character vector based on the lexicographic order of its elements.

To order a character vector based on the lexicographic order of its elements.

To convert the characters in a character vector to uppercase.

To convert the characters in a character vector to lowercase.

To extract a substring from each element of a character vector based on position.

To locate the position of all occurrences of a pattern in each element of a character vector.

To locate the position of the first occurrence of a pattern in each element of a character vector.

To extract all occurrences of a pattern in each element of a character vector.

To extract the first occurrence of a pattern in each element of a character vector.